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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bank of Japan ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bank of Japan also known as Nippon Ginko, is the central bank of Japan.〔Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric. (2005). "Nihon Ginkō" in 〕 The Bank is often called for short. It has its headquarters in Chuo, Tokyo.〔"(Guide Map to the Bank of Japan Tokyo Head Office )." Bank of Japan. Retrieved on December 22, 2009.〕 ==History== Like most modern Japanese institutions, the Bank of Japan was founded after the Meiji Restoration. Prior to the Restoration, Japan's feudal fiefs all issued their own money, ''hansatsu'', in an array of incompatible denominations, but the ''New Currency Act'' of Meiji 4 (1871) did away with these and established the yen as the new decimal currency, which had parity with the Mexican silver dollar.〔Nussbaum, "Banks" at 〕 The former han (fiefs) became prefectures and their mints became private chartered banks which, however, initially retained the right to print money. For a time both the central government and these so-called "national" banks issued money. A period of unanticipated consequences was ended when the Bank of Japan was founded in Meiji 15 (1882) after a Belgian model. It has since been partly privately owned (its stock is traded over the counter, hence the stock number).〔Vande Walle, Willy ''et al.'' ("Institutions and ideologies: the modernization of monetary, legal and law enforcement 'regimes' in Japan in the early Meiji-period (1868-1889)" ) (abstract). FRIS/Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2007; retrieved 2012-10-17.〕 A number of modifications based on other national banks were encompassed within the regulations under which the bank was founded.〔Longford, Joseph Henry. (1912). ( ''Japan of the Japanese,'' p. 289. )〕 The institution was given a monopoly on controlling the money supply in 1884, but it would be another 20 years before the previously issued notes were retired.〔Cargill, Thomas ''et al.'' (1997). ( ''The political economy of Japanese monetary policy,'' p. 10. )〕 Following the passage of the Convertible Bank Note Regulations (May 1884), the Bank of Japan issued its first banknotes in 1885 (''Meiji 18''). Despite some small glitches—for example, it turned out that the konnyaku powder mixed in the paper to prevent counterfeiting made the bills a delicacy for rats—the run was largely successful. In 1897 Japan joined the gold standard〔Nussbaum, "Banks" at 〕 and in 1899 the former "national" banknotes were formally phased out. Since its Meiji era beginnings, the Bank of Japan has operated continuously from main offices in Tokyo and Osaka. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bank of Japan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.